Social, Human and Administrative SciencesSEARCH

Inclusion in Children's Cartoons and Animations: Examples from Turkey and The World

Adem ARSLAN — 2025-10-07

This research aims to reveal how inclusivity is represented in children's cartoons and animated films. The study examined Niloya, Pepee, Rafadan Tayfa, and Kardeşim Ozi, which are widely watched in preschool in Turkey, as well as international productions such as Moana, Raya and the Last Dragon, and Adit & Sopo Jarwo. A qualitative research approach was adopted, and the data obtained using descriptive analysis was evaluated in light of inclusive education literature. The findings indicate that domestic productions emphasize the normalization of physical differences, empathy, and social acceptance, while international examples emphasize cultural diversity, social cooperation, and multiculturalism. The study demonstrates that media content is not only a means of entertainment but can also play a significant role in instilling values such as respect for differences, developing empathy, and social harmony in children during early childhood. In this respect, the research has the potential to contribute to media-supported inclusive education practices.

Examining Sustainability Awareness in Children's Clothing Consumption

Pınar ÇINAR — 2025-10-07

Sustainability and environmental awareness instilled at an early age are of great importance for individuals to develop lifelong environmentally friendly behaviors and use resources consciously. In this context, the aim of this study was to examine the clothing consumption habits and attitudes and behaviors of 9–10-year-old children toward clothing recycling within the framework of sustainable fashion within the scope of environmental sustainability, and to determine the relationship between these attitudes and the education level of their parents. The research was designed using the relational screening model, a quantitative research method. The study group consisted of 134 students enrolled in a primary school in the Serdivan district of Sakarya province during the 2023-2024 academic year, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the "Sustainable Fashion Awareness Scale" developed by the researcher. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, using frequency, percentage, and cross-tab analyses. The findings of the study revealed that children generally have positive attitudes towards sustainable fashion, and analyses based on parental education level revealed that children whose parents have a high school education level or above have higher awareness of sustainable fashion.

Tourism Geography Education in Mediterranean Basin Countries

Betül AKYOL — 2025-10-07

Tourism is an important global activity and is also one of the most active factors that play a transformative and productive role in places and destinations. The main purpose of this research is to determine the tourism geography course contents available in universities in Mediterranean countries (Türkiye, Spain, Italy and Portugal) and to make a comparative analysis with the countries in the Mediterranean basin. In this study, qualitative and quantitative methods were used together. Content analysis was used as the qualitative method, and correspondence analysis was used as the quantitative method. A total of 152 data were obtained from 93 sections from Turkey, 27 from Italy, 26 from Spain and 6 from Portugal. Data for the research were obtained from the websites of universities in Türkiye, Spain, Italy and Portugal. When the research findings are evaluated, it is seen that the subjects of Türkiye's tourism regions and Anatolian civilizations are at the top of the list of course contents for tourism geography in Turkey. Sustainable tourism and cultural tourism issues are seen to be important in the content of tourism geography courses at Italian universities. When it comes to the content of tourism geography courses at Spanish universities, it is seen that Spanish tourism/geography and world geography topics are at the top. Finally, the content of tourism geography courses at Portuguese universities appears to be physical geography and destination types.

Bank Credit and Growth Relationship in NUTS Level 2

M. Esra ATUKALP — 2025-10-07

Bank loans promote economic growth by increasing production and ensuring capital accumulation by ensuring optimized capital allocation. Therefore, it is important to examine the relationship between bank loans and economic growth. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of bank credits on economic growth in the NUTS Level 2 Regions in Türkiye. In the study, 26 regions located in Level 2 Regions were examined in the period 2004-2021. In the study where panel data analysis was made, GDP was chosen as the dependent variable, and loans offered by banks were chosen as the independent variable. According to the CADF test result, it can be said that the GDP variable and the CRD variable are stationary at their level. The results of the Hausman test indicate that the fixed effects model would be used, and as a result, it has been detected that bank loans have a positive effect on growth by region in Türkiye. Banks contribute to the economic development of their countries regionally in Türkiye in terms of lending. Policies should be made in line with the impact of loans provided by banks on GDP growth.

The Freelance Economy: The Rise of Independent Work

Harika ŞEN — 2025-10-07

In recent years, changes in the global economy have led to radical transformations in working. Alongside traditional employment models, individuals are increasingly opting for independent work. In this context, the freelance economy stands out with advantages such as flexible working hours, participating in various projects and managing your own business. The acceleration of digitalization and global events such as the pandemic have significantly contributed to the widespread adoption of freelance work. The number of freelance workers in creative sectors, technology fields, and digital services has been observed to increase significantly. Freelance work, regarded as an integral component of the gig economy, has created both new opportunities and challenges for workers while addressing the need for flexibility in the corporate sector. This article intends to explore the fundamental features, benefits, drawbacks, and role of freelance work within the labor market. Furthermore, it will cover the evolution of the freelance work model, its legal aspects, and possible future directions.